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  <h1>OTA via Web Browser</h1>

<h2 id="updates-with-the-web-browserupdated-wv115">Updates with the Web Browser&nbsp;<sup><sub>UPDATED w/v1.1.5</sub></sup><a class="headerlink" href="#updates-with-the-web-browserupdated-wv115" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>AutoConnect features a built-in OTA function to update ESP module firmware. You can easily make the Sketch that equips OTA and able to operate with the AutoConnect menu. As the <strong>AutoConnectOTA</strong> class, which is compliant with OTA updates using a web browser as described in the <a href="https://arduino-esp8266.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ota_updates/readme.html#implementation-overview">ESP8266 Arduino Core documentation</a>.</p>
<p>You will be able to import the AutoConnectOTA class into your sketch just by specifying <a href="apiconfig.html#ota">AutoConnectConfig::ota</a>. By incorporating the AutoConnectOTA class into your Sketch, you can have an OTA updating feature which able to updating binary sketch from the AutoConnect menu.</p>
<p><span style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:292px;height:482px;border:1px solid lightgrey;"><img data-gifffer="images/webupdate.gif" data-gifffer-height="480" data-gifffer-width="290" /></span></p>
<p>The AutoConnectOTA feature is implemented based on the <a href="https://arduino-esp8266.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ota_updates/readme.html#updater-class">Updater class</a> of the ESP8266 arduino core library. Its Updater class is also supported by the ESP32 Arduino core, so you can commonly import AutoConnectOTA into the Sketch without being aware of the differences between ESP8266 and ESP32 modules.</p>
<p><img src="images/webupdate.png" width="480" /></p>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">Limitation of AutoConnectOTA with authentication</p>
<p>AutoConnectOTA does not support authentication in v1.1.5 yet. It is planned for inclusion in AutoConnect v1.2.0, which will support HTTP authentication.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="how-to-embed-autoconnectota-in-your-sketch"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i> How to embed AutoConnectOTA in your sketch<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-embed-autoconnectota-in-your-sketch" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>To embed the AutoConnectOTA class into your sketch, basically follow these steps:</p>
<ol>
<li>Include <code>ESP8266WiFi.h</code>, <code>ESP8266WebServer.h</code> and <code>AutoConnect.h</code> as usual.<sup id="fnref:1"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:1">1</a></sup></li>
<li>Declare an ESP8266WebServer object. It's optional. (as WebServer for ESP32)</li>
<li>Declare an AutoConnect object,  with an argument as ESP8266WebServer if separate the declarations.</li>
<li>Declare an AutoConnectConfig object.</li>
<li>Declare an AutoConnectAux object for your sketch own if needed.</li>
<li>Perform the following procedure steps in the <code>setup()</code> function:<ol>
<li>Set <a href="apiconfig.html#ota">AutoConnectConfig::ota</a> to <strong>AC_OTA_BUILTIN</strong> and configure AutoConnect.</li>
<li>Load the AutoConnectAux pages declared in step <a class="magiclink magiclink-github magiclink-issue" href="https://github.com/Hieromon/AutoConnect/issues/4" title="GitHub Issue: Hieromon/AutoConnect #4">#4</a> for your application.</li>
<li>Join these pages to AutoConnect.</li>
<li>Invokes <a href="api.html#begin">AutoConnect::begin</a> function.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Invokes <a href="api.html#handleclient">AutoConnect::handleClient</a> function in the <code>loop()</code>.</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;ESP8266WiFi.h&gt;            // Step #1</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;ESP8266WebServer.h&gt;       // Step #1</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;AutoConnect.h&gt;            // Step #1</span>

<span style="color: #f8f8f2">ESP8266WebServer  server;           </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #2</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnect       </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">portal</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">(server);   </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #3</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnectConfig config;           </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #4</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnectAux    hello;            </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #5</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">static</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">const</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">char</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> HELLO_PAGE[] PROGMEM </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #e6db74">R&quot;(</span>
<span style="color: #e6db74">{ &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Hello world&quot;, &quot;uri&quot;: &quot;/&quot;, &quot;menu&quot;: true, &quot;element&quot;: [</span>
<span style="color: #e6db74">    { &quot;name&quot;: &quot;caption&quot;, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;ACText&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: &quot;&lt;h2&gt;Hello, world&lt;/h2&gt;&quot;,  &quot;style&quot;: &quot;text-align:center;color:#2f4f4f;padding:10px;&quot; },</span>
<span style="color: #e6db74">    { &quot;name&quot;: &quot;content&quot;, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;ACText&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: &quot;In this page, place the custom web page handled by the Sketch application.&quot; } ]</span>
<span style="color: #e6db74">}</span>
<span style="color: #e6db74">)&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">;                                 </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #5</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">setup</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  config.ota </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> AC_OTA_BUILTIN;      </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #6.a</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.config(config);            </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #6.a</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  hello.load(HELLO_PAGE);           </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #6.b</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.join({ hello });           </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #6.c</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.begin();                   </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #6.d</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">loop</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.handleClient();            </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #7</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition faq">
<p class="admonition-title">How LED ticking during updates</p>
<p>AutoConnectOTA applies LED ticking during updates automatically. The destination LED port and ticker drive depends on <a href="apiconfig.html#tickerport">AutoConnectConfig::tickerPort</a> and <a href="apiconfig.html#tickeron">AutoConnectConfig::tickerOn</a> specifying.</p>
<p><strong>IMPORTANT</strong><br />
The AutoConnectOTA activates the ticker constantly regardless of the <a href="apiconfig.html#ticker">AutoConnectConfig::ticker</a> value. If you want to stop the ticker output to GPIO during updates, give <code>0xff</code> to <a href="apiconfig.html#tickerport">AutoConnectConfig::tickerPort</a>.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="autoconnectota-allocation-uri"><i class="fa fa-wrench"></i> AutoConnectOTA allocation URI<a class="headerlink" href="#autoconnectota-allocation-uri" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>AutoConnectOTA has implemented using AutoConnectAUX. So it occupies two URIs by default. An update operation page is assigned to <strong>AUTOCONNECT_URI_UPDATE</strong> and the binary file uploader for the update is assigned to <strong>AUTOCONNECT_URI_UPDATE_ACT</strong>. These symbols are defined in the <code>AutoConnectDefs.h</code> header file as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #75715e">#define AUTOCONNECT_URI             &quot;/_ac&quot;</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#define AUTOCONNECT_URI_UPDATE      AUTOCONNECT_URI &quot;/update&quot;</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#define AUTOCONNECT_URI_UPDATE_ACT  AUTOCONNECT_URI &quot;/update_act&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Therefore, the normal Sketch that imports AutoConnectOTA while keeping the default, you cannot use the two URIs <code>/_ac/update</code> and <code>/_ac/update_act</code> for your specific. If you want to use the URIs for any purpose other than AutoConnectOTA, you need to override the <code>AutoConnectDefs.h</code> definition at compile time. It can be overwritten by giving the build flags for platformio.ini as follows with the PlatformIO environment for example.</p>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #a6e22e">build_flags</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">-DAUTOCONNECT_URI_UPDATE</span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #e6db74">&#39;&quot;/YOURURI&quot;&#39;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">-DAUTOCONNECT_URI_UPDATE_ACT</span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #e6db74">&#39;&quot;/YOURURIACT&quot;&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="timing-of-autoconnectota-instantiation"><i class="fa fa-wrench"></i> Timing of AutoConnectOTA instantiation<a class="headerlink" href="#timing-of-autoconnectota-instantiation" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>It will be born during <a href="api.html#handleclient">AutoConnect::handleClient</a> process. AutoConnect will evaluate the enabled state of <a href="apiconfig.html#ota">AutoConnectConfig::ota</a> each time the handleClient is executed, and if OTA is enabled then it creates an AutoConnectAux internally and assigns it to the update page. At this time, AutoConnectOTA is also instantiated together. The generated AUX page containing AutoConnectOTA is bound to AutoConnect inside the AutoConnect::handleClient process.</p>
<p>If you want to attach AutoConnectOTA dynamically with an external trigger, you can sketch like this:<br />
<em>This sketch imports the OTA update feature with an external switch assigned to the GPIO pin. While the trigger not occurs, AutoConnectOTA will not be imported into Sketch and will not appear on the menu list.</em></p>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;ESP8266WiFi.h&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;ESP8266WebServer.h&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;AutoConnect.h&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #75715e">#define TRIGGER 4   // pin assigned to external trigger switch</span>

<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnect portal;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnectConfig config;</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">setup</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  pinMode(TRIGGER, INPUT);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.begin();</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">loop</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">if</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> (digitalRead(TRIGGER) </span><span style="color: #f92672">==</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> HIGH) {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">    config.ota </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> AC_OTA_BUILTIN;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">    portal.config(config);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  }</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.handleClient();</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">AutoConnectOTA <strong>cannot</strong> detach dynamically</p>
<p>Once imported, AutoConnectOTA cannot be removed from the Sketch. It can be only excluded from the menu by overriding <a href="apiconfig.html#menuitems">AutoConnectConfig::menuItems</a>. In this case, the AutoConnectOTA instance remains as a residue.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="authentication-with-autoconnectota"><i class="fa fa-wrench"></i> Authentication with AutoConnectOTA<a class="headerlink" href="#authentication-with-autoconnectota" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p><a href="adauthentication.html#applying-http-authentication-for-built-in-ota">HTTP authentication</a> of AutoConnect is also effective for OTA. Since the implementation of AutoConnectOTA is based on AutoConnectAux, the <a href="apiconfig.html#auth">AutoConnectConfig::auth</a> setting is valid for AutoConnectOTA as well. Also, it allows you to make authentication only on the OTA page while various custom Web pages coexist.</p>
<p>The <a href="adauthentication.html#applying-http-authentication"><code>AC_AUTH_BASIC</code></a> or <a href="adauthentication.html#applying-http-authentication"><code>AC_AUTH_DIGEST</code></a> setting to the <a href="apiconfig.html#auth"><code>AutoConnectConfig::auth</code></a> enables HTTP authentication. If it is in combination with <strong>AC_AUTHSCOPE_PARTIAL</strong> specified <a href="apiconfig.html#authscope"><code>AutoConnectConfig::authScope</code></a> setting, only an OTA page will be authenticated, excluding other custom Web pages that co-exist.</p>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnect portal;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnectConfig config;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnectAux aux(</span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;/aux&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">, </span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;AUX&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">);</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">setup</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Join some custom web page</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.join(aux);</span>

<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Add OTA into the Sketch</span>
<span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  config.ota </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> AC_OTA_BUILTIN;</span>
</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Enable authentication on OTA page only</span>
<span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  config.auth </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> AC_AUTH_DIGEST;</span>
</span><span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  config.authScope </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> AC_AUTHSCOPE_PARTIAL;</span>
</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Configure other settings</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  ...</span>

<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Apply configuration settings</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.config(config);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.begin();</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="how-to-make-the-binary-sketch"><i class="fa fa-wrench"></i> How to make the binary sketch<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-make-the-binary-sketch" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Binary sketch files for updating can be retrieved using the Arduino IDE. Open the <strong>Sketch</strong> menu and select the <strong>Export compiled Binary</strong>, then starts compilation.</p>
<p><img src="images/export_binary.png" width="450" /></p>
<p>When the compilation is complete, a binary sketch will save with the extension <code>.bin</code> in the same folder as the Sketch.</p>
<h3 id="select-a-partition-scheme-to-enable-ota-wesp32"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i> Select a partition scheme to enable OTA w/ESP32<a class="headerlink" href="#select-a-partition-scheme-to-enable-ota-wesp32" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>To enable OTA on the ESP32, you need to build a sketch with a partition scheme that has reserved a binary sketch space for OTA. The ESP32 Arduino core comes with a variety of <a href="https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/tree/master/tools/partitions">pre-configured partition schemes</a> that can be selected from the <strong>Tools</strong> menu in the Arduino IDE.</p>
<p><img alt="partition" src="images/partition.png" /></p>
<p>In most cases, this is simply a matter of selecting a built-in partition scheme with a reserved OTA area from the <strong>Tools</strong> menu in the Arduino IDE. However, Of the various ESP32-based modules, only a few have many partition schemes pre-configured. If you cannot find a partition scheme with reserved OTA space for your ESP32 module, you will need to modify <a href="https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/blob/master/boards.txt"><code>boards.txt</code></a> as the board configuration file included in the ESP32Arduino core distribution. The <a href="https://github.com/Hieromon/AutoConnect/tree/master/examples/WebCamServer">WebCamServer.ino</a> example in the AutoConnect library shows the changes to boards.txt for esp32cam. But this modification is not recommended as it can inadvertently destroy the board configuration and will be overwritten and restored by the Arduino core version upstreams.</p>
<p>Another way to choose a partition scheme is to use <a href="https://platformio.org/platformio-ide">PlatformIO</a> for your build system. You can easily select the reserved partition scheme for the OTA area using PlatformIO. When using PlatformIO, you can select a partition scheme with OTA reserved space by simply writing the following line in the <a href="https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/platforms/espressif32.html?highlight=partition#partition-tables"><code>platformio.ini</code></a> file.</p>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #a6e22e">board_build.partitions</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #e6db74">min_spiffs.csv</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="ota-updates-wbrowser-without-using-autoconnectota"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i> OTA updates w/browser without using AutoConnectOTA<a class="headerlink" href="#ota-updates-wbrowser-without-using-autoconnectota" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>The legacy OTA method based on ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer without AutoConnectOTA is still valid. To embed the ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer class with AutoConnect into your sketch, basically follow these steps:</p>
<ol>
<li>Include <code>ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer.h</code>, also <code>WiFiClient.h</code>, in addition to the usual directives as <code>ESP8266WebServer.h</code> and <code>AutoConnect.h</code>.<sup id="fnref:2"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:2">2</a></sup></li>
<li>Declare an ESP8266WebServer object. (In ESP32, as WebServer)</li>
<li>Declare an ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer object.</li>
<li>Declare an AutoConnect object with an ESP8266WebServer object as an argument.</li>
<li>Declare an AutoConnectAux object for the update operation page.</li>
<li>Assign <code>/update</code> to the URI of the update dialog page.</li>
<li>Assign any title as the AutoConnect menu for the update dialog page.</li>
<li>Declare additional AutoConnectAux pages for your application intention if needed.</li>
<li>Perform the following procedure steps in the <code>setup()</code> function:<ol>
<li>Invokes <code>ESP8288HTTPUpdateServer::setup</code> function, specifies the <strong>USERNAME</strong> and the <strong>PASSWORD</strong> as needed.</li>
<li>Load the AutoConnectAux pages declared in step <a class="magiclink magiclink-github magiclink-issue" href="https://github.com/Hieromon/AutoConnect/issues/8" title="GitHub Issue: Hieromon/AutoConnect #8">#8</a> for your application. (Except the update dialog page)</li>
<li>Join these pages to AutoConnect along with the update dialog page declared in step <a class="magiclink magiclink-github magiclink-issue" href="https://github.com/Hieromon/AutoConnect/issues/5" title="GitHub Issue: Hieromon/AutoConnect #5">#5</a>.</li>
<li>Invokes <a href="api.html#begin">AutoConnect::begin</a> function.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Invokes <a href="api.html#handleclient">AutoConnect::handleClient</a> function in the <code>loop()</code>. </li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;ESP8266WiFi.h&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;ESP8266WebServer.h&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer.h&gt;    // Step #1</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;WiFiClient.h&gt;                 // Step #1</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;AutoConnect.h&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">static</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">const</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">char</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> HELLO_PAGE[] PROGMEM </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #e6db74">R&quot;(</span>
<span style="color: #e6db74">{ &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Hello world&quot;, &quot;uri&quot;: &quot;/&quot;, &quot;menu&quot;: true, &quot;element&quot;: [</span>
<span style="color: #e6db74">    { &quot;name&quot;: &quot;caption&quot;, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;ACText&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: &quot;&lt;h2&gt;Hello, world&lt;/h2&gt;&quot;,  &quot;style&quot;: &quot;text-align:center;color:#2f4f4f;padding:10px;&quot; },</span>
<span style="color: #e6db74">    { &quot;name&quot;: &quot;content&quot;, &quot;type&quot;: &quot;ACText&quot;, &quot;value&quot;: &quot;In this page, place the custom web page handled by the Sketch application.&quot; } ]</span>
<span style="color: #e6db74">}</span>
<span style="color: #e6db74">)&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">;</span>

<span style="color: #f8f8f2">ESP8266WebServer httpServer;                </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #2</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer httpUpdate;         </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #3</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnect </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">portal</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">(httpServer);             </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #4</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnectAux update(</span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;/update&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">, </span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;UPDATE&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">); </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #5, #6, #7</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnectAux hello;                       </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #8</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">setup</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  httpUpdate.setup(</span><span style="color: #f92672">&amp;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">httpServer, </span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;USERNAME&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">, </span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;PASSWORD&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">); </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #9.a</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  hello.load(HELLO_PAGE);                   </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #9.b</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.join({ hello, update });           </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #9.c</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.begin();                           </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #9.d</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">loop</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.handleClient();                    </span><span style="color: #75715e">// Step #10</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="regular-file-uploading-using-autoconnectotaenhanced-wv120"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i> Regular file uploading using AutoConnectOTA&nbsp;<sup><sub>ENHANCED w/v1.2.0</sub></sup><a class="headerlink" href="#regular-file-uploading-using-autoconnectotaenhanced-wv120" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>The <a href="otabrowser.html">built-in OTA update feature</a> can update the firmware as well as upload regular files placed in the file system on the ESP module. It allows a regular file is uploaded via OTA using the <a href="menu.html#update"><strong>Update</strong></a> of AutoConnect menu without adding a particular custom Web page that contains AutoConnectFile. This utilization is useful for the operation of transferring the JSON document of the custom web page definition, the external parameter file of your sketch, and so on into the target ESP module via OTA.</p>
<p>The built-in OTA update feature determines where to save the uploaded file according to the filename pattern. By default, a filename with ends a <strong><code>.bin</code></strong> extension is subject to firmware updates. A file that has another extensions will be saved as a regular to LittleFS (or SPIFFS) in the flash.</p>
<p>The filename extension that should be treated as the firmware is defined as the <a href="https://github.com/Hieromon/AutoConnect/blob/master/src/AutoConnectDefs.h#L280"><code>AUTOCONNECT_UPLOAD_ASFIRMWARE</code></a> macro in <a href="https://github.com/Hieromon/AutoConnect/blob/master/src/AutoConnectDefs.h">AutoConnectDefs.h</a> header file of the library source code. When dealing with another extensions for the updating file as firmware change this macro definition.</p>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #75715e">#define AUTOCONNECT_UPLOAD_ASFIRMWARE &quot;.bin&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">Specify with the PlatformIO</p>
<p><code>AUTOCONNECT_UPLOAD_ASFIRMWARE</code> pattern will be embedded into the binary sketch is determined at compile time. The <a href="https://platformio.org/platformio-ide"><strong>PlatformIO</strong></a> build system allows you to change the pattern of the file extension for each project without modifying the library source code.</p>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #a6e22e">build_flags</span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #e6db74">-DAUTOCONNECT_UPLOAD_ASFIRMWARE=&#39;&quot;.bin&quot;&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Use a regular expression to specify the file extension</p>
<p>By default, you can specify only one file extension to be treated as firmware in OTA updates. However, you can specify the file extension as a regular expression, but it consumes a lot of memory.</p>
<p>If the file extension pattern contains a regular expression, you need to enable the flag of <a href="https://github.com/Hieromon/AutoConnect/blob/master/src/AutoConnectDefs.h#L277"><code>AUTOCONNECT_UPLOAD_ASFIRMWARE_USE_REGEXP</code></a> in <code>AutoConnectDefs.h</code>. Also, the <code>AUTOCONNECT_UPLOAD_ASFIRMWARE</code> definition as a regular expression is treated as a replacement string for the <strong>#define</strong> directive for C++ preprocessor, so the backslash must be escaped.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="display-an-extra-string-on-the-update-screenenhanced-wv130"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i> Display an extra string on the update screen&nbsp;<sup><sub>ENHANCED w/v1.3.0</sub></sup><a class="headerlink" href="#display-an-extra-string-on-the-update-screenenhanced-wv130" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>You can add an extra string to the OTA update screen by the sketch. If an extra string is specified, it will be displayed on the right side of "<strong>Updating firmware</strong>" caption. </p>
<p><img src="images/otacaption.png" /></p>
<p>The screenshot above shows an example of adding the current version of the sketch to the OTA caption.</p>
<p>To display in the add an extra caption to the OTA update screen, sets the <a href="apiconfig.html#otaextracaption">AutoConnectConfig::otaExtraCaption</a> by your sketch. A type of the extra caption type to set in <a href="apiconfig.html#otaextracaption">AutoConnectConfig::otaExtraCaption</a> is the <code>const char pointer</code>. So, its string must remain in the memory area for the duration of OTA. (This string is not copied to the AutoConnectOTA class and expiration must be guaranteed by your sketch)</p>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #75715e">#define FIRMWARE_VERSION  &quot;1.1.12-dev&quot;</span>
</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">...</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;AutoConnect.h&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">...</span>
<span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #66d9ef">const</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">char</span><span style="color: #f92672">*</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> fw_ver </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> FIRMWARE_VERSION;</span>
</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnect portal;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnectConfig config;</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">setup</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  config.ota </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> AC_OTA_BUILTIN;</span>
</span><span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  config.otaExtraCaption </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> fw_ver;</span>
</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.config(config);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.begin();</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">loop</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.handleClient();</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Common mistakes about variable expiration</p>
<p>Local variables are valid only within the function. The following code seems to work at first glance. But practically, <code>*fw_ver</code> is released at the end of the function. <em>AutoConnectConfig::otaExtraCaption</em> holds only a pointer to the extra caption string.</p>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #75715e">#define FIRMWARE_VERSION  &quot;1.1.12-dev&quot;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">...</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;AutoConnect.h&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">...</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnect portal;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnectConfig config;</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">setupConfig</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">const</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">char</span><span style="color: #f92672">*</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> fw_ver </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> FIRMWARE_VERSION;</span>
</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  config.ota </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> AC_OTA_BUILTIN;</span>
<span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  config.otaExtraCaption </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> fw_ver;  </span><span style="color: #75715e">// This code doesn&#39;t work as intended.</span>
</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.config(config);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">setup</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  setupConfig();</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.begin();</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">loop</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.handleClient();</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<h3 id="receive-the-autoconnectota-status-changeenhanced-wv130"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i> Receive the AutoConnectOTA status change&nbsp;<sup><sub>ENHANCED w/v1.3.0</sub></sup><a class="headerlink" href="#receive-the-autoconnectota-status-changeenhanced-wv130" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>You can capture the change in the state of the OTA by registering the exit routine to AutoConnect. The exit routine for notifying the state change of AutoConnectOTA can execute the user's sketch function during specific stages of OTA or on an error. Also, these exit routines have the same interface as the <a href="https://arduino-esp8266.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ota_updates/readme.html#safety">similar exit functions</a> included in the Arduino core.</p>
<p>The following functions register the function in your sketch with AutoConnect to notify OTA state changes.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="api.html#onotastart">AutoConnect::onOTAStart</a> : Register the on-start exit routine that is called only once when the OTA has been started.</li>
<li><a href="api.html#onotaprogress">AutoConnect::onOTAProgress</a> : Register the exit routine that is called during the OTA progress.</li>
<li><a href="api.html#onotaend">AutoConnect::onOTAEnd</a> : Register the on-end exit routine that is called only once when the OTA is finished.</li>
<li><a href="api.html#onotaerror">AutoConnect::onOTAError</a> : Register the exit routine that is called when some error occurred.</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%;"><span></span><code><span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;ESP8266WiFi.h&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;ESP8266WebServer.h&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #75715e">#include</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #75715e">&lt;AutoConnect.h&gt;</span>

<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnect portal;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">AutoConnectConfig config;</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">OTAStart</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  Serial.println(</span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;Start OTA updating&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">OTAEnd</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  Serial.println(</span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;</span><span style="color: #ae81ff">\n</span><span style="color: #e6db74">End&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>
<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">OTAProgress</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">(</span><span style="color: #66d9ef">unsigned</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">int</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> amount, </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">unsigned</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #66d9ef">int</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> size) {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  Serial.printf(</span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;Progress: %u(%u)</span><span style="color: #ae81ff">\r</span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">, amount, size);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">OTAError</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">(</span><span style="color: #66d9ef">uint8_t</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> error) {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  Serial.printf(</span><span style="color: #e6db74">&quot;Error[%u]: &quot;</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">, error);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">setup</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  delay(</span><span style="color: #ae81ff">1000</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  Serial.begin(</span><span style="color: #ae81ff">115200</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">);</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  Serial.println();</span>

<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  config.ota </span><span style="color: #f92672">=</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> AC_OTA_BUILTIN;</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.config(config);</span>
<span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.onOTAStart(OTAStart);</span>
</span><span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.onOTAEnd(OTAEnd);</span>
</span><span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.onOTAProgress(OTAProgress);</span>
</span><span style="background-color: #49483e"><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.onOTAError(OTAError);</span>
</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.begin();</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>

<span style="color: #66d9ef">void</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2"> </span><span style="color: #a6e22e">loop</span><span style="color: #f8f8f2">() {</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">  portal.handleClient();</span>
<span style="color: #f8f8f2">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<div class="footnote">
<hr />
<ol>
<li id="fn:1">
<p>For ESP32, change the following items:</p>
<ul>
<li>Change the include directives appropriately for the ESP32 environment.</li>
<li>Change ESP8266WebServer to WebServer.</li>
</ul>
<p><a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:1" title="Jump back to footnote 1 in the text">&#8617;</a></p>
</li>
<li id="fn:2">
<p>The AutoConnect library provides an implementation of the <strong>HTTPUpdateServer</strong> class that ported from ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer class for ESP32 intention. It is contained the <strong>WebUpdate</strong> under the examples folder.&#160;<a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:2" title="Jump back to footnote 2 in the text">&#8617;</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
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